Sunshine is healthy, right? While it's true that we all need a small amount of sunlight to help our bodies manufacture vitamin D, a little bit of sun goes a long way¹ ²
Why do some people red under the sun, while others simply acquire a golden glow? The answer is melanin, a brownish pigment produced by skin cells as a reaction to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. Melanin-darkened skin absorbs and scatters UV rays so that they don't penetrate as deeply, causing further damage.
The skin of blonds, redheads, and fair-skinned people produces less melanin, so it burns more quickly. Although people with dark skin have naturally high amounts of melanin-which gives them better protection from UV rays-they still run the risk of skin damage from excessive sun exposure. In fact, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends routine use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen for all people, regardless of skin color.
How can you determine your sunscreen needs? Here are some factors to consider:
If you have:
- Pale-to-average white skin that tans minimally
- Either numerous or large moles
- Skin that freckles and burns easily
- Blond, red, or light brown hair
...choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.
If you have:
- Beige-to-moderate brown skin
- Skin that tans easily and rarely burns
...choose a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher.
If you have:
- Oily skin or combination skin
- Acne-prone skin
...choose a non-comedogenic (won't cause acne) sunscreen or facial moisturizer with an SPF of 30 or higher.
If you have:
- Sensitive skin
- Skin recovering from a cosmetic procedure
...choose a hypoallergenic, fragrance-free sunscreen.
Finally, be aware that some over-the-counter and prescription drugs can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist about the potential risks of any medications you are taking.
References:
- Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10:94-111.
- American Academy of Dermatology. Darker side of tanning. Available at: http://www.aad.org/public/publications/pamphlets/sun_darker.html. Accessed March 21, 2008.
- Ohio State University Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering. Sun Exposure: precautions and protection. Available at: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-Fact/5000/5550.html. Accessed March 21, 2008.
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Sunscreen: do I need it if I have dark skin? Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sunscreen/AN01370. Accessed March 21, 2008.
